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Edición 90

    
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Rock, la música siempre joven

Ingeniera Claudia Ordaz
Catedrática del Departamento de Comunicación / ITESM
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Cuántas veces hemos escuchado en películas la frase: “eres bien música” o que alguien describe a una persona diciendo que: “siempre trae la música por dentro”. Porque, si eres bien música, eres “a todo dar”, y si traes la música por dentro, eres alegre. Y es que la música siempre es un pretexto para celebrar y fortalecer relaciones de amistad o de amor; para destacar la tristeza, el fracaso o alguna decepción amorosa. Lo cierto es que la música se origina en la necesidad de narrar hazañas históricas cantadas –mediante el cantar de juglares- o cantar algo sucedido, ya sea trágico -mediante ópera- o narrar cosas que a la mayoría de nosotros nos suceden, ya sean alegres o tristes, para hacer de la música una expresión de arte universal.

Y es que, como disciplina de las bellas artes, la música las acompaña a todas: a una pintura, la embellece; al cine, lo hace más real; está íntimamente ligada con la literatura; hay diversos poemas hechos canciones -poesía de Mario Benedetti, por mencionar alguno cantado por Nacha Guevara. Incluso el legendario Jim Morrison, líder de la banda The Doors, antes de convertirse en cantante y músico, era poeta, y mucha de su poesía fue musicalizada. Y es que música hay de toda y para todos los gustos: ópera, clásica, blues, jazz, boogie, ranchera, pop, rock, cumbia, ballenato, country, samba, salsa, etcétera, que se mezclan, evolucionan y crean nuevos ritmos.

INFLUENCIAS EN EL ROCK AND ROLL
Y precisamente el rock and roll se originó tomando influencias de los blues, la música country, boogie y jazz; con influencias de la música apalache, gospel y western. Y aunque muchos no la consideran música, sino sólo ruido, la realidad es que se trata de uno de los géneros musicales que más ha evolucionado en los últimos 30 años. El término rock and roll fue utilizado pro primera vez en los Estados Unidos en una estación radial en Cleveland, durante los años cincuenta, por Alan Freed, pues tituló a su programa de radio “Moondog Rock and Roll”.  El rock and roll surgió como un estilo musical en Estados Unidos. Hay quienes le atribuyen el crédito de precursor a Bill Halley, con su “rola” Rock Around the Clock –que tanta influencia tuvo en John Lennon. Otros consideran que fue Elvis Presley.

SUBGÉNEROS

Cada uno de los subgéneros del rock se pueden mezclar sutilmente entre sí, y pueden rescatar elementos de cada una de las subideologías, lo que hace del rock una música multicultural y rica en pensamientos, sonidos  e ideas.He aquí los subgnéneros del rock: rockability, pop rock, rock psicodélico, garage rock, rock sinfónico, rock progresivo, jazz rock, glam rock, hard rock, punk rock, punk, gothic rock, krautcrock, heavy metal, new wave, post punk, soft rock, rock alternativo, noise, shoegazing, grunge, brit pop, dream pop, emo, geek rock, post rock, rock ácido, rock en español, rock experimental, rock instrumental, visual, kei.

BANDAS REPRESENTATIVAS

En los años cincuenta surgió el género, con Chuck Berry, Little Richard -rock negro-, Ritchie Valens, Buddy Holly, Big Bopper, y el rey del rock, Elvis Presley, oriundo de Graceland, Tennesse, donde una predominante población negra influyó definitivamente en su música; en los sesenta aparecieron Los Beatles, Los Rolling Stones, The Who, Jimi Hendrix.y The Doors; en los setenta, Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath AC/DC, Deep Purple, Génesis, Queen, Alice Cooper, Aerosmith, Kiss, Judas Priest, Scorpions, The Ramones, Sex Pistols, Van Halen; en los ochenta, Blondie, The Police, Def Lepard, Motley Crue, Tars for Fears, Boston, Duran Duran, Poison, Bon Jovi., Guns and Roses, Twisted Sister, REM, Metallica; en los ochenta se fortaleció el rock en español, aunque ya tenían sus orígenes una década antes. Nacieron grupos como Soda Stereo, Caifanes y en los noventa, Fobia, Café Tacuba, Los Amantes de Lola; en Estados Unidos, Korn, Linkin Park, Limp Biskit, Green Day; en Europa, Oasis, Blur, Pulp, Suede y Cold Play.

El rock, siendo un género musical, ha tenido impacto social. En los sesenta, escuchar rock era un modo de vida y de identidad; fue en esos años cuando nacieron importantes festivales de rock en el mundo: Woodstock, en Estados Unidos; Rock sobre Ruedas, en Avándaro, México; por mencionar sólo algunos. El rock siempre ha sido un medio para expresar libertad. No suena absurdo que sus orígenes se remonten por influencia negra a una población desfavorecida en los Estados Unidos, que clamaba precisamente por eso: libertad. Para cantar rock se necesita ese desenfado que tienen los buenos rockeros; tocar la guitarra, el bajo, la armónica, la batería y los teclados; componer letras irreverentes o profundas; tener actitud. Para escucharlo, estimado lector, se requieren ganas de rejuvenecer y adentrarse en un mundo lleno de vibra y música que tiene más de cincuenta años. Eso lo hará a usted inevitablemente más joven.

__________________________________________________

Claudia Ordaz

Obtuvo su maestría en Educación, con Especialidad en Literatura, por el Tecnológico de Monterrey; es catedrática y escritora; forma parte de la Sociedad de Escritores de Nuevo León, y es autora del libro Caracolas. Actualmente escribe Paloma querida.

 
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